Classification of rat mammary carcinoma with large scale in vivo microwave measurements.

Mammary carcinoma, breast cancer, is the most commonly diagnosed cancer type among women. Therefore, potential new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are being investigated. One promising technique is microwave applications designed to exploit the inherent dielectric property discrepancy between the malignant and normal tissues. In theory, the anomalies can be characterized by simply measuring the dielectric properties. However, the current measurement technique is error-prone and a single measurement is not accurate enough to detect anomalies with high confidence. This work proposes to classify the rat mammary carcinoma, based on collected large-scale in vivo S[Formula: see text] measurements and corresponding tissue dielectric properties with a circular diffraction antenna. The tissues were classified with high accuracy in a reproducible way by leveraging a learning-based linear classifier. Moreover, the most discriminative S[Formula: see text] measurement was identified, and to our surprise, using the discriminative measurement along with a linear classifier an 86.92% accuracy was achieved. These findings suggest that a narrow band microwave circuitry can support the antenna enabling a low-cost automated microwave diagnostic system.

The COlorectal NEoplasia Endoscopic Classification to Choose the Treatment classification for identification of large laterally spreading lesions lacking submucosal carcinomas: A prospective study of 663 lesions.

INTRODUCTION: Optical diagnosis is necessary when selecting the resection modality for large superficial colorectal lesions. The COlorectal NEoplasia Endoscopic Classification to Choose the Treatment (CONECCT) encompasses overt (irregular pit or vascular pattern) and covert (macroscopic features) signs of carcinoma in an all-in-one classification using validated criteria. The CONECCT IIC subtype corresponds to adenomas with a high risk of superficial carcinoma that should be resected en bloc with free margins. METHODS: This prospective multicentre study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the CONECCT classification for predicting submucosal invasion in colorectal lesions >20 mm. Optical diagnosis before en bloc resection by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was compared with the final histological diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy for the CONECCT IIC subtype was compared with literature-validated features of concern considered to be risk factors for submucosal invasion (non-granular large spreading tumour [NG LST], macronodule >1 cm, SANO IIIA area, and Paris 0-IIC area). RESULTS: Six hundred 63 lesions removed by ESD were assessed. The en bloc, R0, and curative resection rates were respectively 96%, 85%, and 81%. The CONECCT classification had a sensitivity (Se) of 100%, specificity (Sp) of 26.2%, positive predictive value of 11.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for predicting at least submucosal adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity of CONECCT IIC (100%) to predict submucosal cancer was superior to all other criteria evaluated. COlorectal NEoplasia Endoscopic Classification to Choose the Treatment IIC lesions constituted 11.5% of all submucosal carcinomas. CONCLUSION: The CONECCT classification, which combines covert and overt signs of carcinoma, identifies with very perfect sensitivity (Se 100%, NPV 100%) the 30% of low-risk adenomas in large laterally spreading lesions treatable by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection or ESD according to expertise without undertreatment. However, the low specificity of CONECCT leads to a large number of potentially not indicated ESDs for suspected high-risk lesions.

Development and validation of a novel classification scheme for combining pathological T stage and log odds of positive lymph nodes for colon cancer.

AIM: Log Odds of Positive Lymph Nodes (LODDS) have a better predictive ability than N stage for colon cancer. However, the prognostic value of developing a novel prognostic classification by combining T stage and LODDS (TLODDS) for colon cancer remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to develop a TLODDS classification for colon cancer, and assess whether or not the novel TLODDS classification could improve survival stratification by comparing its discrimination, model-fitting, and net benefits, with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor/Node/Metastasis (TNM) classification. METHODS: 45,558 Western colon cancers were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database as a training set. A novel LODDS stage was established and patients with similar survival rates were grouped by combining T and LODDS stages to develop a novel TLODDS classification. The TLODDS classification was further assessed in a Chinese validation set of 3,515 colon cancers and an application set of 3,053 rectal cancers. RESULTS: We developed a novel TLODDS classification that incorporated 7 stages: stage I (T1LODDS1), IIA (T2LODDS1, T1LODDS2, T1LODDS3), IIB (T2LODDS2-3, T3LODDS1, T1LODDS4), IIC (T3LODDS2, T2LODDS4, T4aLODDS1), IIIA (T3LODDS3, T1-2LODDS5, T4bLODDS1, T4aLODDS2), IIIB (T3LODDS4-5, T4aLODDS3-4, T4bLODDS2) and IIIC (T4bLODDS3-5, T4aLODDS5). In the training set, it showed significantly better discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, 0.691 vs. 0.664, P < 0.001), better model-fitting (Akaike information criteria, 265,644 vs. 267,410), and superior net benefits, than the latest AJCC TNM classification. The predictive performance of the TLODDS classification was further validated in colon cancers and was successfully applied in rectal cancers with regards to both overall and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The TLODDS classification has better discriminatory ability, model-fitting, and net benefits than the existing TNM classification, and represents an alternative to the current TNM classifications for colon and rectal cancers.

Specific cell differentiation in breast cancer: a basis for histological classification.

Breast parenchyma progenitor cells show a high degree of phenotypic plasticity reflected in the wide range of morphology observed in benign and malignant breast tumours. Although there is evidence suggesting that all breast cancer (BC) arises from a common epithelial progenitor or stem cell located at the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs), BC shows a broad spectrum of morphology with extensive variation in histological type and grade. This is related to the complexity of BC carcinogenesis including initial genetic changes in the cell of origin, subsequent genetic and epigenetic alterations and reprogramming that occur at various stages of BC development and the interplay with the surrounding microenvironment, factors which influence the process of differentiation. Differentiation in BC determines the morphology, which can be measured using histological grade and tumour type. Histological grade, which measures the similarity to the TDLUs, reflects the degree of differentiation whereas tumour type reflects the type of differentiation. Understanding BC phenotypic differentiation facilitates the accurate diagnosis and histological classification of BC with corresponding clinical implications in terms of disease behaviour, prognosis and management plans. In this review, we highlight the potential pathways that BC stem cells follow resulting in the development of different histological types of BC and how knowledge of these pathways impacts our ability to classify BC in diagnostic practice. We also discuss the role of cellular differentiation in producing metaplastic and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast and how the latter differ from their counterparts in other organs, with emphasis on clinical relevance.

Development of novel mucoadhesive gels containing nanoparticle for buccal administration of dexamethasone

Abstract This study aimed to develop promising and innovative mucoadhesive gel systems containing dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticle to increase the effectiveness of treatment for oral precancerous lesions and to reduce side effects. In this respect, a dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticle formulation was prepared by using emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The nanoparticle has high zeta potential (-10.3±0.5 mV), low particle size (218.42±2.1), low polydispersity index (0.070±0.014) and high encapsulation efficiency (95.018±2.982%). To improve the mucosal retention time, the dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticle was dispersed in mucoadhesive gel using gellan gum. The developed gels offered appropriate pH value, high drug content, suitable mechanical and mucoadhesive performance and appropriate viscosity for mucosal administration. All formulations exhibited plastic flow and typical gel-type mechanical spectra after the determined frequency value. The developed formulations exhibited extended drug release as intended for these systems. Cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assay in human epithelioid carcinoma cell (HeLa) in vitro. The MTT assay showed that the blank formulations were non-toxic to cells. It was observed that the bioactivity of the free dexamethasone was potentiated by mucoadhesive gels containing dexamethasone-loaded nanoparticle in HeLa cells. Results from this study indicate that mucoadhesive gels are effective for the local treatment of precancerous lesions. Our findings showed that the developed formulations were worthy of further studies.

Time to Classify Tumours of the Stomach and the Kidneys According to Cell of Origin.

Malignant tumours are traditionally classified according to their organ of origin and whether they are of epithelial (carcinomas) or mesenchymal (sarcomas) origin. By histological appearance the site of origin may often be confirmed. Using same treatment for tumours from the same organ is rational only when there is no principal heterogeneity between the tumours of that organ. Organ tumour heterogeneity is typical for the lungs with small cell and non-small cell tumours, for the kidneys where clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) is the dominating type among other subgroups, and in the stomach with adenocarcinomas of intestinal and diffuse types. In addition, a separate type of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is found in most organs. Every cell type able to divide may develop into a tumour, and the different subtypes most often reflect different cell origin. In this article the focus is on the cells of origin in tumours arising in the stomach and kidneys and the close relationship between normal neuroendocrine cells and NETs. Furthermore, that the erythropoietin producing cell may be the cell of origin of CCRCC (a cancer with many similarities to NETs), and that gastric carcinomas of diffuse type may originate from the ECL cell, whereas the endodermal stem cell most probably gives rise to cancers of intestinal type.

Undifferentiated and dedifferentiated urological carcinomas: lessons learned from the recent developments.

Loss of the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of a neoplasm is a well-known phenomenon in surgical pathology and occurs across different tumor types in almost all organs. This process may be either partial, characterized by transition from well differentiated to undifferentiated tumor component (=dedifferentiated carcinomas) or complete (=undifferentiated carcinomas). Diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma is significantly influenced by the extent of sampling. Although the concept of undifferentiated and dedifferentiated carcinoma has been well established for other organs (e.g. endometrium), it still has not been fully defined for urological carcinomas. Accordingly, undifferentiated/ dedifferentiated genitourinary carcinomas are typically lumped into the spectrum of poorly differentiated, sarcomatoid, or unclassified (NOS) carcinomas. In the kidney, dedifferentiation occurs across all subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but certain genetically defined RCC types (SDH-, FH- and PBRM1- deficient RCC) seem to have inherent tendency to dedifferentiate. Histologically, the undifferentiated component displays variable combination of four patterns: spindle cells, pleomorphic giant cells, rhabdoid cells, and undifferentiated monomorphic cells with/without prominent osteoclastic giant cells. Any of these may occasionally be associated with heterologous mesenchymal component/s. Their immunophenotype is often simple with expression of vimentin and variably pankeratin or EMA. Precise subtyping of undifferentiated (urothelial versus RCC and the exact underlying RCC subtype) is best done by thorough sampling supplemented as necessary by immunohistochemistry (e.g. FH, SDHB, ALK) and/ or molecular studies. This review discusses the morphological and molecular genetic spectrum and the recent develoments on the topic of dedifferentiated and undifferentiated genitourinary carcinomas.

Classification, histopathology and molecular pathology of thymic epithelial tumors: a review.

Thymic epithelial tumors represent 0.2-1.5% among all malignant neoplasms. They are slow-growing tumors with an overall recurrence rate around 10% and 90% of them are located in the anterior mediastinum. In this review we focused on the classification, histopathology, molecular pathology and prognosis of thymic epithelial tumors, mainly thymoma and thymic carcinoma.

Association of current molecular subtypes in urothelial carcinoma with patterns of muscularis propria invasion.

Urothelial carcinoma is subdivided into luminal (L), basal (B), and p53-wild-type (WT) molecular subtypes, with basal and p53-WT groups showing more aggressive course and poor treatment response, respectively. The literature on molecular subtypes of UC includes a mixture of different stages. We investigated the molecular profile and outcome of pure cohort of muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) considering two distinct patterns of muscularis propria (MP) invasion. Forty-three cystectomies harboring stage pT2 were retrospectively identified in 18 years. MP invasion was subclassified into patterns 1 (tumor encasing intact detrusor muscle bundles) and 2 (tumor dissecting/replacing detrusor muscle). Using IHC, B/L phenotypes, p53, and Ki67 were assessed, and survival data was collected. Pattern 1 invasion was noted in 16 (37%) and pattern 2 in 27 (63%), with mean age of pattern 1 being 10 years younger. B/L phenotypes were successfully determined in 83.7%; 48.8% and 34.8% revealed L and B phenotypes, respectively (indeterminate phenotype in 16.4%). Pattern 1 was associated with L phenotype (GATA3 and HER-2 expressions: p = 0.02 & p = 0.04, respectively). Ki67 ≥ 5/10HPF was noted in pattern 2 and B phenotype (p = 0.03). B phenotype showed association with p53-WT (p = 0.007). In median follow-up of 60.7 months, 63.6% of pattern 1 cases were alive without disease compared to 32% of pattern 2 (not significant). A panel of CK20 and GATA3 for luminal and CK5/6 and CK14 for basal subtypes can provide reliable molecular classification in UC. Also, morphology of MIBC can predict the molecular phenotype and the behavior of the UC.

A retrospective analysis of 512 cases of breast fine needle aspiration cytology utilizing the recently proposed IAC Yokohama system for reporting breast cytopathology.

BACKGROUND: Recently the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) introduced a new reporting system for breast fine-needle aspiration cytology that classifies cytologic diagnoses into five-categories: (I) insufficient material, (II) benign, (III) atypical, (IV) suspicious of malignancy, and (V) malignant. The current study was undertaken to categorize the breast lesions utilizing the newly proposed IAC Yokohama classification system and evaluate the risk of malignancy (ROM) for respective categories and the diagnostic yield of this technique. METHODS: All FNAs of breast lesions over 2.5 years were categorized retrospectively using the newly proposed IAC Yokohama reporting system. The ROM was calculated along with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy, false positive, and false-negative rate using the histological diagnosis as the gold standard. RESULTS: The 512 cases were distributed as follows: Category I (insufficient material) 7.4%, Category II (benign) 74%, Category III (atypical) 5.7%, Category IV(suspicious) 1.4%, and Category V (malignant) 11.5%. Histopathological correlation was available in 285 (55.7%) cases. The respective ROM calculated was 33.3%, 0.5%, 13.3%, 83.3%, and 100% for Category I-V. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Value, and Diagnostic accuracy were 95%, 99.5%, 98.27%, 98.6, and 98.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite previous attempts to establish a standardized diagnostic terminology, there has been a lack of a single internationally approved standardized reporting system allowing substantial diagnostic clarity and incorporating distinct diagnostic categories, each linked with a specific ROM and recommended management. This System also provides enhanced communication between pathologists and attending clinicians for the benefit of the patient.

Morphology Matters: A Critical Reappraisal of the Clinical Relevance of Morphologic Criteria From the 2019 WHO Classification in a Large Colorectal Cancer Cohort Comprising 1004 Cases.

The 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) profoundly reclassified CRC subtypes and introduces tumor budding as a second major grading criterion, while condensing conventional grade into a 2-tiered system. So far it remains largely unexplored how these parameters interact with each other and whether they truly have an independent impact on patient prognosis. We reclassified a large single-center cohort of 1004 CRCs spanning 2 decades for adjusted WHO grade (low vs. high), tumor budding (Bd1/Bd2/Bd3), and CRC subtype (adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, micropapillary, mucinous, serrated, medullary, adenoma-like, signet-ring cell, mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma/neuroendocrine carcinoma, undifferentiated) according to the criteria of the 2019 WHO classification. We investigated the interaction of these parameters, their connection to stage/microsatellite status, and their significance for patient survival in the different subgroups. Specific subtypes other than adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified represented one third of all CRCs and were unevenly distributed throughout stage and microsatellite subgroups. Subtypes, WHO grade and tumor budding profoundly impacted all survival parameters (P<0.001 for all analyses), with CRC subtypes and tumor budding-but not WHO grade-being stage-independent prognosticators for all survival comparisons. WHO grade had very limited prognostic value in CRC subtypes, while tumor budding retained its strong prognostic impact in most scenarios. Accurate delineation of CRC subtypes introduced in the 2019 WHO classification provides strong stage-independent prognostic information, arguing that they should be considered in pathology reports and in clinical trials. Of the morphology-based grading schemes included in the 2019 WHO, tumor budding outperforms WHO grade.

Nuclear hypochromasia: Shedding light on the "lightness" of high-grade urothelial carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The Paris system (TPS) has provided a standardized classification for reporting urinary cytology, specifically high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). While hyperchromasia is well described in HGUC, there exists little data on nuclear hypochromasia in HGUC. Our focus was to investigate the incidence of hypochromasia in HGUC and if it should become a criterion for HGUC. DESIGN: All cases of HGUC at our institution for a 3-year interval (2017-2019) using TPS were reviewed. Each case had a single ThinPrep slide and concurrent biopsy or resection specimen to confirm the diagnosis within 30 days. The presence of hypochromasia was evaluated, and cases with hypochromasia were stratified based on the tumor cell percentage. Cases with hypochromasia in 5% or greater of the tumor cells were considered "positively identified" for hypochromasia. RESULTS: We reviewed 117 cases of HGUC and identified nuclear hypochromasia in 12 cases (10.2%) within 5% or greater of the tumor cells. These 12 cases were further assessed based on if tumor cells showed hypochromasia in 5%-49% of the sample, or greater than 50% of the sample. Hypochromasia in 5%-49% of tumor cells was present in 8/117 cases (6.8%); whereas in 50% or greater samples 4/117 cases (3.4%) showed hypochromasia. No cases were identified where hypochromasia was noted in less than 5% of the tumor cells. CONCLUSION: TPS and use of hyperchromasia as a feature of HGUC is affirmed. However, hypochromasia, while not diagnostic in isolation, is present in a sub-set of patients with HGUC (10.2%) and should be considered as a variance noted in the nuclei of HGUC.

Utility of the Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology: A retrospective 5 years study.

BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an established technique for preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions; however, lack of a uniform reporting system has been a handicap. The main aims of this study were to evaluate the utility of the - "The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology" (MSRSGC) and ascertain the risk of malignancy (ROM) for each category. METHODS: All salivary gland FNACs over 5 years (January 2014-December 2018) were reviewed and assigned a diagnostic category from the MSRSGC. Clinical data were taken from Cytology records. Cytodiagnosis was correlated with histopathology wherever available and ROM was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 120 salivary gland FNACs were studied. Age ranged between 5 and 85 years, male:female ratio was 2:1 and parotid was the commonest gland aspirated. Cases were reclassified as I non-diagnostic (2.5%), II non-neoplastic (15%), III atypia of uncertain significance-AUS (1.7%), IV A neoplasm benign (50%), IV B neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (12.5%), V suspicious for malignancy (5%), and VI malignant (13.3%). Follow-up was available in 70 (58.3%) cases. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were 92.3%, 100%, 100%, and 98.27% respectively. ROM was non-neoplastic (0%), AUS (50%), neoplasm benign (0%), neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (28.6%), suspicious for malignancy (100%), and malignant (100%). CONCLUSION: Salivary gland FNAC is a reliable diagnostic tool and the "Milan system" will further increase FNA reliability, help risk stratification, and improve patient care.

Molecular Evaluation of Endometrial Dedifferentiated Carcinoma, Endometrioid Carcinoma, Carcinosarcoma, and Serous Carcinoma Using a Custom-Made Small Cancer Panel.

It is often difficult to histologically differentiate among endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma (DC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), serous carcinoma (SC), and carcinosarcoma (CS) due to the presence of solid components. In this study, we aimed to categorize these carcinomas according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification using a small custom-made cancer genome panel (56 genes and 17 microsatellite regions) for integrated molecular diagnosis. A total of 36 endometrial cancer cases with solid components were assessed using IHC, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the custom-made panel. Among 19 EC cases, six were categorized as MMR-deficient (MMR-d) and eight were classified as having a nonspecific molecular profile. Three EC cases were classified as POLE mutation (POLEmut)-type, which had a very high tumor mutation burden (TMB) and low microsatellite instability (MSI). Increased TMB and MSI were observed in all three DC cases, classified as MMR-d with mutations in MLH1 and POLD1. Except for one case classified as MMR-d, all SC cases exhibited TP53 mutations and were classified as p53 mutation-type. SC cases also exhibited amplification of CCND1, CCNE1, and MYC. CS cases were classified as three TCGA types other than the POLEmut-type. The IHC results for p53 and ARID1A were almost consistent with their mutation status. NGS analysis using a small panel enables categorization of endometrial cancers with solid proliferation according to TCGA classification. As TCGA molecular classification does not consider histological findings, an integrated analytical procedure including IHC and NGS may be a practical diagnostic tool for endometrial cancers.

Data set for reporting of carcinoma of the adrenal cortex: explanations and recommendations of the guidelines from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.

Complete resection of adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) with or without adjuvant therapy offers the best outcome. Recurrence is common, and in individual cases, the long-term outcome is difficult to predict, making it challenging to personalize treatment options. Current risk stratification approaches are based on clinical and conventional surgical pathology assessment. Rigorous and uniform pathological assessment may improve care for individual patients and facilitate multi-institutional collaborative studies. The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) convened an expert panel to review ACC pathology reporting. Consensus recommendations were made based on the most recent literature and expert opinion. The data set comprises 23 core (required) items. The core pathological features include the following: diagnosis as per the current World Health Organization classification, specimen integrity, greatest dimension, weight, extent of invasion, architecture, percentage of lipid-rich cells, capsular invasion, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, atypical mitotic figures, coagulative necrosis, nuclear grade, mitotic count, Ki-67 proliferative index, margin status, lymph node status, and pathological stage. Tumors were dichotomized into low-grade (<20 mitoses per 10 mm2) and high-grade (>20 mitoses per 10 mm2) ones. Additional noncore elements that may be useful in individual cases included several multifactorial risk assessment systems (Weiss, modified Weiss, Lin-Weiss-Bisceglia, reticulin, Helsinki, and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology scores/algorithms). This data set is now available through the ICCR website with the hope of better standardizing pathological assessment of these relatively rare but important malignancies.

Canine mammary tumours: Size matters-a progression from low to highly malignant subtypes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a possible association between mammary tumour size and increasing degree of malignancy. Data of 625 dogs with a total of 1459 mammary tumours were analysed retrospectively. 80.3% dogs were intact, mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 ± 2.5 years, 75.8% were pure breed dogs. Median body weight was 20.0 kg. Malignant tumours (n = 580) were significantly larger than their benign counterparts (1.94 cm vs 0.90 cm in mean, respectively; P ≤ .0001), resulting in a positive correlation between increasing tumour size and a change from benign to malignant (P ≤ .0001; rs  = 0.214). When malignant tumours were grouped into four degrees of increasing malignancy (complex/simple/solid/anaplastic carcinomas) a significant positive correlation between increasing tumour size and more malignant tumour degree (P ≤ .0001; rs  = 0.195) could be demonstrated. In a number of cases, highly malignant tumours were found to arise within less malignant lesions, supporting the concept of a further progression within the malignant tumour subtypes. In patients with multiple tumours, mean tumour sizes for malignant tumours were significantly smaller compared to patients with only one tumour (1.67 vs 2.71 cm in mean, respectively; P < .0001). These findings suggest that mammary tumours progress not only from benign to malignant but also from low to highly malignant. An increase in diameter of only a few millimetres may therefore have a big impact on the patient's outcome.

Pilomatrical Tumor of Low Malignant Potential: A Tumor Between Pilomatricoma and Pilomatrical Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: We report a case of pilomatrical tumor showing intermediate histological features between pilomatricoma and pilomatrical carcinoma. The lesion recurred twice with the same histological features. Similar cases were was probably called aggressive or proliferating pilomatixoma; we think that the term pilomatrical tumor of low malignant potential is more suitable for this lesions. Excision with wide free margins and follow-up are recommended.

The roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in Epstein-Barr virus associated epithelial cell tumors.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is highly prevalent in the population and is known to be associated with a variety of human tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric cancer, and lymphoma; however, the mechanisms of EBV carcinogenesis remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed that many non-coding RNAs participate in the regulation of proliferation, migration, invasion, and other processes in EBV-associated tumor, and the interaction between ncRNAs and the potential target genes has gradually become a research hotspot. Therefore, here, we discuss the expression and roles of ncRNAs in EBV-associated epithelial tumors.

Carcinoma del conducto salival: presentación de un caso / Salivary duct carcinoma: report of a case

El carcinoma de conductos salivales (CCS) es una neoplasia maligna primaria clínica y patológicamente distinta de las glándulas salivales. Debido a su rareza existe una falta de documentación exhaustiva en la literatura con respecto a sus características, manejo y resultados clínicos. En la presente publicación se presenta un caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 74 años, que acudió al servicio de odontología del Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Presidente Perón de Avellaneda. El resultado ecográfico arrojó a nivel submaxilar derecho una imagen nodular de aspecto solido que mide 25 x 24 mm Se le realizó la intervención quirúrgica y el resultado anatomopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de carcinoma de conductos salivales, una de las neoplasias salivales más agresivas. En la actualidad, la muerte ocurre en 60 a 80% de los pacientes, por lo general dentro de los 5 años; alrededor del 33% desarrolla recidiva local y más del 50% metástasis a distancia, en sitios que incluyen pulmones, huesos, hígado, cerebro y piel (AU)

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a clinically and pathologically distinct primary malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands. Due to its rarity, there is a lack of exhaustive documentation in the literature regarding its characteristics, management, and clinical results. This publication presents a case of a 74-year-old male patient who attended the dentistry service of the Interzonal General Acute Hospital President Perón by Avellaneda. The ultrasound result revealed a nodular image at the right submaxillary level solid aspect measuring 25 x 24 mm. Surgical intervention was performed, and the pathological result confirmed the diagnosis of salivary duct carcinoma, one of the most aggressive salivary neoplasms. Currently, death occurs in 60% to 80% of patients, usually within 5 years; about 33% develop local recurrence and more than 50% distant metastases, at sites including the lungs, bones, liver, brain, and skin (AU)

Analyses of odontogenic tumours: the most recent classification proposed by the World Health Organization (2017)

BACKGROUND: The fourth edition of the “WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours” was published in January 2017 and includes a classification of odontogenic tumours. This review aims to examine the changes made in this new classification in comparison with the previous classification of 2005. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases with the keywords “odontogenic tumor”, “WHO classification” and “update”. Studies published from January 2009 to April 2019 with a high level of scientific evidence were included, but studies not published in English, epidemiological studies and studies with a low level of evidence were excluded. RESULTS: The initial search found 457 articles and after eliminating duplicates, 8 studies were selected for full-text assessment. After excluding 3 epidemiological studies, 5 articles were finally included. These studies were stratified by their level of scientific evidence using SORT criteria (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy). CONCLUSIONS: The new odontogenic tumour list has been simplified with the objective of improving its role as an international guide for diagnosis. Some changes have been possible thanks to the application of immunohisto-chemistry and molecular genetic techniques that allow better characterization of certain tumours. Further clinico-pathological and molecular studies are needed so that this new classification can be consolidated and/or amended

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